When Retrieval Hurts: Retrieval-Induced Hallucination in Medical Vision-Language Models
E. Idoko et al.
Africa in AI Workshop, NeurIPS 2026 (Springer LNCS) · Submitted · First author
Found that 95% of retrieval-augmented chest X-ray reports copy text verbatim from another patient's report (0% without retrieval). Retrieval doubles clinical accuracy when relevant (CheXbert F1 0.201 → 0.402) and collapses it to 0.043 when mismatched, over 100 MIMIC-CXR studies.